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Primary reporting period: 2025-12-31 · Research updated Oct 11, 2026. A research update is not a new financial filing.
Who they are
Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC), operating through its various subsidiaries, is a prominent rail transport provider in the United States. The company's core business involves the conveyance of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and completed merchandise across the nation. Its extensive freight services cover a broad spectrum of commodities.
How they make money
Norfolk Southern Corporation operates a major freight railroad, Norfolk Southern Railway Company, which generates revenue by transporting raw materials, intermediate products, and finished goods across an extensive rail network. The company provides integrated transportation services, including intermodal, automotive, and bulk commodity shipping, connecting major industrial centers and ports primarily in the Southeast, East, and Midwest United States.
Products & services
Rail transportation services for chemicals, metals, construction materials, coal, automotive parts, and intermodal containerized freight.
Brands & revenue mix
No separate brand or brand-level revenue disclosure was confirmed in the reviewed sources. This does not mean the company has no brands.
Product / operating segments
Railway Operating Revenues Market Group MerchandiseUSD 7.68B63.1%
Calculated from reported segment revenue. Check the source period and revenue basis before comparing shares. Categories can overlap and may not add to 100%.
Geographic revenue
No reconciled geographic revenue breakdown was confirmed for the current research period.
Overall investment score · Quality, value, risk and opportunity
35
Poor
PoorElite
View category scores →
Company Quality
How good is the actual business—regardless of today’s stock price?
62
Fair
Financial Strength
73
Business Quality / Moat
53
Management
70
Growth Quality
34
Risk / Durability
75
Weak Company · Expensive Stock
Uses financial strength, moat, management, growth quality and durability. It excludes share price, P/E, market cap, intrinsic value and margin of safety.
Opportunity
Opportunity Score · How does the current price compare with estimated value?
29
Avoid
Based on current valuation, company quality, recent trends, and available market signals.
View score details →
Model Outlook
12-month model · What does the model think happens next?
36/100
Building Historical Record
Model Score 36/100 — estimates relative performance potential, distinct from the overall Wall Street Score and the separate Company Quality score.
Probability unavailable — the model has not produced a calibrated probability yet.
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WSS View
The quick read
The overall Wall Street Score is low across its combined quality, valuation and risk inputs. This can reflect an expensive share price, business weaknesses, or both; check Company Quality and the category breakdown before drawing a conclusion.
At today’s price, the WSS valuation framework currently reads as less attractive based on the available valuation and market data.
The model outlook is currently cautious.
What we like
•Balance-sheet / debt profile scores strongly
•Recent buyback activity is present
What to watch
•M&A headline · Oct 6, 2026
•M&A headline · Sep 15, 2026
•M&A headline · Sep 1, 2026
•M&A headline · Aug 26, 2026
•M&A headline · Aug 22, 2026
Company-specific research
Questions worth answering for NSC
Research inputs 100% complete
These questions are generated from this company's current financial and score data so the page adds context instead of treating the headline score as a stand-alone conclusion.
•Can NSC maintain its current revenue growth rate and improve the amount of that revenue that turns into earnings and cash?
•Is NSC's positive free cash flow repeatable, or is the current level being helped by temporary working-capital or spending changes?
•Is NSC's debt load manageable relative to cash generation, interest costs and upcoming maturities?
•What future growth or profitability would be needed to justify NSC's current valuation?
Two different market-behavior signals. Momentum measures direction and trend strength. Volatility measures how large and unstable the price moves are, regardless of direction.
A high momentum score means price has been trending upward with confirming short- and medium-term strength. A low score means downward or weakening momentum.
Volatility = How violently is it moving?
A high volatility score means larger, less stable price swings. It can happen while a stock is rising or falling, so high volatility is not automatically bullish or bearish.
Important: the volatility score above is based on realized price volatility. Implied volatility (IV) comes from options prices and represents the market's expected future movement. Wall Street Score will keep IV separate and will only display it when a verified options-chain feed is available.
Notices for NSC
Detected from reported data — verify before acting.
Dividend history reported
Dividend payments are recorded. Review the dates and regular/special classification below; past payments do not guarantee future dividends.
Historical repurchase activity
Reported cash flows or share-count measures indicate past repurchase activity. This does not verify an active buyback authorization or future purchases.
M&A headline · Oct 6, 2026
Union Pacific CEO makes case for $85B Norfolk Southern merger amid pushback — This is a provider-linked headline, not an independently confirmed event. Check the article and company filings for the subject, proposed/completed status, and subsequent updates.
SC Gov. Henry McMaster Voices Support for Union Pacific-Norfolk Southern Merger — This is a provider-linked headline, not an independently confirmed event. Check the article and company filings for the subject, proposed/completed status, and subsequent updates.
Union Pacific Sees Norfolk Southern Merger Closing by Late 2027 as STB Review Advances — This is a provider-linked headline, not an independently confirmed event. Check the article and company filings for the subject, proposed/completed status, and subsequent updates.
STB Should Reject Opponents' Baseless Prima Facie Challenges; Union Pacific – Norfolk Southern Merger Application Easily Meets the Standard — This is a provider-linked headline, not an independently confirmed event. Check the article and company filings for the subject, proposed/completed status, and subsequent updates.
11,664 Shares in Norfolk Southern Corporation $NSC Acquired by B. Metzler seel. Sohn & Co. AG — This is a provider-linked headline, not an independently confirmed event. Check the article and company filings for the subject, proposed/completed status, and subsequent updates.
+Growth opportunities may come from revenue expansion, margin improvement, new products, market-share gains, and stronger cash flow.
+Extensive rail network covering the Eastern United States.
+Strong operational productivity and cost management initiatives.
+Positive free cash flow may provide capacity to invest in growth.
Potential downside factors
−Key risks may include competition, margin pressure, debt levels, valuation risk, and changes in demand within the Railroads industry.
−Regulatory and legislative changes affecting the railroad industry.
−Economic downturns impacting freight demand.
−Operational risks including accidents and safety incidents.
These research factors come from saved company research and financial data, not community votes. They are starting points to verify against filings, not buy or sell recommendations.
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Scores
Click any score for full breakdown
Wall Street Score
Weak35/ 100
Weak (0–50)Fair (51–71)Strong (72+)
Debt
Strong
72
Debt Cost4.6%
Debt Reduction YoY2.2%
Debt / Equity1.10x
Tap for breakdown →
Revenue
Poor
17
Revenue YoY3.0%
Revenue CAGR0.1%
Net Margin21.0%
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Asset
Poor
34
Asset Growth YoY3.6%
Liquidation/Share$72.30
Net Assets/MCap0.40x
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Capital
Poor
26
Earnings Yield3.7%
Buyback Yield1.5%
Debt Cost4.6%
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Management
Strong
70
ROIC9.9%
ROE16.2%
ROA5.8%
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Moat
Fair
53
EPS Growth6.1%
FCF/Share Growth11.6%
Rev/Share Growth3.4%
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Valuation
Poor
16
Intrinsic Value$99.62
Value Reference$59.77
MOS-239.4%
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Buffett
Weak
46
Revenue17
Moat53
Valuation16
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MOS
Poor
0
MOS %-239.4%
Value Reference$59.77
Deep Discount Reference$39.85
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Financial
Poor
34
Interest Coverage5.1x
ROIC9.9%
FCF Yield3.1%
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Master
Poor
38
Financial34
Valuation16
Debt72
Tap for breakdown →
Resilience
Fair
54
Survival Years2.2 yrs
Current Ratio0.85x
FCF Margin17.7%
Tap for breakdown →
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Score Changes
3 historical score records available
Previous Score
35
Oct 1, 2026
Change
Unchanged
Current Score
35
Oct 8, 2026
Category Changes
Revenue-0.1
Debt0
Assets-0.2
Capital0
Management0
Moat0
Valuation0
Buffett-0.1
NSC score was unchanged.
Projected Score
Projected Score
34
Projected Change
-1.8 points
Preliminary comparable-period financial changes suggest decline of approximately 1.8 points. This is a projected estimate, not the official WallStreetScore.
Monetary values in USD. Share counts in raw units.
Income StatementBalance SheetCash Flow
AnnualQuarterlyTTM + Annual
All rows
Free includes 3 annual periods plus available TTM; Premium includes up to 10 annual periods. History depends on available company filings. Swipe the table horizontally to see older periods. A dash means unavailable, not zero.
Line Item
TTM
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Revenue
$12.54B
$12.18B
$12.12B
$12.16B
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Cost of Revenue
$5.81B
$7.01B
$8.36B
$9.35B
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····
····
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Gross Profit
$6.73B
$5.17B
$3.76B
$2.81B
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Research & Development
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
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SG&A Expenses
$753.0M
$753.0M
-$120.0M
-$117.0M
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Operating Expenses
$2.77B
$1.16B
$0.00
$0.00
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EBITDA
$5.43B
$5.85B
$5.49B
$4.34B
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Operating Income
$3.97B
$4.01B
$3.76B
$2.81B
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····
····
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Interest Expense
$786.0M
$792.0M
$807.0M
$722.0M
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····
····
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Income Before Tax
$3.36B
$3.67B
$3.33B
$2.32B
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····
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Income Tax Expense
$727.0M
$792.0M
$707.0M
$493.0M
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Net Income
$2.64B
$2.87B
$2.62B
$1.83B
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Basic EPS
$11.72
$12.75
$11.58
$8.04
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Basic Shares
225M
225M
226M
227M
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Diluted Shares
225M
225M
226M
227M
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Upgrade to Premium for up to 10 annual periods, where available.
Estimated earnings date:A future estimated earnings date is not currently available.
Jun 30, 2026Q2FY2026
Revenue
$3.46B
Estimate unavailable.
Revenue Beat/Miss
Not available (no estimate stored)
EPS
$3.26
Estimate unavailable.
EPS Beat/Miss
Not available (no estimate stored)
Debt Change
-4.3%
Cash Change
-18.0%
Margin Change
-3.5 pp
Debt and cash show percentage changes versus the comparison period; margin shows the change in percentage points (pp). These are company-wide changes, not per-share amounts.
Financial Changes Since Prior Period
What Improved
Debt reduced
What Weakened
Margins contracted
Cash position declined
Potential Score Impact
Positive indicators included revenue growth, debt levels. Pressure indicators included EPS growth, cash levels, net income margin. These factors may support or pressure the Revenue, Management, Financial, and Debt categories; this summary does not claim that the stored scores changed.
Stored Earnings Analysis
Revenue increased 11.4%. EPS declined 4.4%. Cash declined 18.0%. Total debt declined 4.3%. Net income margin declined by 3.5 percentage points.
Earnings-Call Transcript
Earnings-call transcript analysis is not currently available.
These results may influence future scores when the next evaluation is completed.
Government disclosed trading activity is available on the Smart Money directory. Filings may be delayed and may not represent complete current holdings.
Dividend HistoryShare
Dividend History
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Predictions & Historical PerformanceShare
Conservative Projected Values
3 Years
$———.——
Premium
5 Years
$———.——
Premium
10 Years
$———.——
Premium
Conservative Projection Rate
——%
Premium
Conservative Projected Values — price projections derived from actual 10-year adjusted historical returns, conservatively adjusted and capped at 8% annually. These are distinct from the Outperformance Model Score and WallStreetScore.
Conservative Projected Values
Premium unlocks the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year conservative projected values with full calculation breakdowns based on actual historical returns.
Premium includes stored forecasts and any available evaluated results. Completed results, win rates and calibrated probabilities are shown only when supported records exist; access does not create historical outcomes.